_{step 1}), fewer other-gender friends (H₂), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H_{step three}). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H_cuatro). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H₆) and mixed-gender friendships (H_eight).

Participants

Users were employed from four local highest universities (you to all the-women, one to all of the-people as well as 2 coeducational) situated in Age Gap singles dating website demographically diverse areas within the Hong-kong. Users incorporated Means step 1 so you can six (seven th so you can 12 th amounts) students apart from the fresh the-female college or university, at which Mode 6 college students was in fact omitted as a result of the school’s arrangement getting public exam preparation. Questionnaires was indeed applied from the a class professor in for each and every class. People complete steps into oriented variables and you will claimed its monthly nearest and dearest money, adult degree and you will ages, quantities of siblings and you will brothers, and you may ethnicity. This research is actually carried out in accordance toward pointers and you will recognition of the School away from Hong-kong Person Search Ethics Committee (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you can inactive agree out of moms and dads or guardians was basically acquired just before analysis range. All of the sufferers provided created told consent according to the Declaration out of Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Desk 1 .

Table 1

c 1 = zero schooling/pre-number 1, 2 = number 1, 3 = junior secondary, 4 = older additional, 5 = post-secondary, six = postgraduate.

Sex salience level

Sex salience was measured by McGuire et al.is why approach . It measure has been proven is of or inspired because of the gender structure [twenty-seven,53]. Professionals was basically asked to give about three quick answers to each and every of these inquiries: “Tell me what you are” and you can “Tell me what you’re not”. They certainly were taught to write down whatever they you will definitely remember immediately. The answers was indeed next coded due to the fact “gender-related” otherwise “non-gender-related”. Table dos suggests examples of so it programming plan. Answers was in fact basic coded separately because of the two coders. Inter-rater precision is large for everybody answers (every ? > .93). Disputes was then solved from the discussions between the two programmers. The full amount of gender-related answers along side one or two inquiries was summed to indicate gender salience.